Embedded Power
AI surveillance, sovereignty, and the risks of technology export.
AI surveillance is spreading faster than the governance capacity to manage it. The systems are not neutral: American and Chinese platforms bake very different assumptions about suspicion, privacy, and centralized control into their design, and those assumptions install along with the cameras. The paper examines four countries that have imported AI surveillance at scale (Serbia, Egypt, the Philippines, and Kenya) and contrasts them with Estonia, which built its digital infrastructure domestically. The argument is that imported surveillance is, at root, a sovereignty problem rather than a technology problem, and that the dependencies hardening now will be very difficult to reverse later.